Network boot (PXE) server as an infraternal subcomponent — grill 2026-10-11 #156
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opened 2026-10-10 17:29:35 +00:00 by kayg
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Owner request (2026-10-10): consider a network-boot (PXE) server as a possible infraternal subcomponent (D198 plugin). To be grilled with the owner on 2026-10-11; nothing is built until then.
Questions to bring to the grill:
Starting research on branch research-pxe-mesh at base
a5f744fbc1(mesh slice 1). Issue #156 currently has 0 comments; its body contains no parent issue reference. Required repo docs, mesh dataplane contract, and requested decisions read.Measurement finding: on infraternal-dev (i9-9900K, 8 CPUs, Linux 6.12.111; load average 9.64/21.13/23.09 before and 21.97/20.67/22.52 after), two rootless namespaces ran the slice-1 kernel WireGuard fixture and a third represented a bare LAN client. /usr/sbin/tc netem applied 75 ms one-way delay + 5 ms jitter and 0.1% loss per underlay egress; 20 mesh pings measured 149 ms p50 RTT and 0% observed loss. The real Debian kernel/initrd (12,142,528 / 40,723,557 bytes) and bootable 792,723,456-byte netinst ISO were fetched by local HTTP and by a LAN proxy to the remote mesh node. Median local vs proxy TTFB / total / throughput: kernel 1.51 ms / 7 ms / 13,299 Mbps vs 313 ms / 3.624 s / 27.01 Mbps; initrd 0.96 ms / 22 ms / 14,939 Mbps vs 301 ms / 7.738 s / 42.14 Mbps; ISO 1.74 ms / 0.460 s / 13,785 Mbps vs 309 ms / 125.294 s / 50.62 Mbps. After warm-up, measured RSS increase for one concurrent client was ~0.5 MiB each in the LAN HTTP server, proxy and remote HTTP origin (idle RSS 29.3 / 31.7 / 29.4 MiB). Evidence and reproduction script: research/pxe-over-mesh/benchmark.py and README. QEMU and OVMF/SeaBIOS are absent here (
qemu-system-x86_64unresolved; firmware directories missing), so no VM firmware boot or DHCP packet exchange was measured; the simulated client used static LAN addressing.Protocol finding for #156: the client-side DHCP exchange starts on the local link; RFC 2131 describes pre-address DHCP broadcasts and the giaddr relay path. UEFI 2.11 §24.3.18.2 then has the client multicast a REQUEST to boot-server UDP/4011 after standard DHCP, receive a unicast reply, and fetch the NBP by TFTP; proxy DHCP supplies boot options without replacing the ordinary DHCP lease. UEFI 2.11 §24.7 describes HTTP Boot as client-initiated DHCP/DNS/HTTP retrieval and explicitly permits an endpoint server across networks or the Internet, with an optional proxy host. This means a bare host needs ordinary LAN IP setup and boot-service discovery on its LAN (typically a local proxy-DHCP/boot node, or DHCP configuration plus a relay); TFTP/HTTP(S) data can be remote if routed. Sources: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2131/ ; https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.11/24_Network_Protocols_SNP_PXE_BIS.html ; https://ipxe.org/appnote/proxydhcp
Security/tooling finding for #156: RFC 1350 explicitly has no TFTP login/access control; UEFI Secure Boot authenticates UEFI images against db/dbx but does not authenticate DHCP or encrypt the path. iPXE requires explicit imgverify for an initrd even with imgtrust. The documented MAAS workflow boots an ephemeral image via TFTP and configures SSH keys with cloud-init; its API uses OAuth, but its public docs do not specify every credential's wire path, so they are evidence for staged enrollment, not a blanket secrecy guarantee. Reference Debian trixie amd64 package sizes (download / installed): dnsmasq-base 495.3/1,117 KB; Kea DHCPv4 577.3/1,520 KB; tftpd-hpa 43.1/125 KB; lighttpd 361.1/1,035 KB; iPXE 2,422.2/14,314 KB. Licenses vary by built artifact; iPXE documents per-target .licence analysis. The Debian tftpd-hpa copyright declares BSD-4 but deletes its advertising clause. Sources: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1350 ; https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.11/32_Secure_Boot_and_Driver_Signing.html ; https://ipxe.org/cmd/imgtrust ; https://maas.io/docs/about-commissioning-machines ; https://maas.io/docs/how-to-authenticate-to-the-maas-api ; https://packages.debian.org/trixie/dnsmasq-base ; https://packages.debian.org/trixie/kea-dhcp4-server ; https://packages.debian.org/trixie/tftpd-hpa ; https://packages.debian.org/trixie/lighttpd ; https://packages.debian.org/trixie/ipxe
Owner goal (2026-10-11), for the research's second phase: "we want to have the convenience of ventoy basically, across our whole mesh or even just a subnet route or just a particular ip. very versatile and very easy".
So phase 2 covers: booting any image dropped into one place (ISO, IMG, WIM, VHD), with no extraction step and no per-image configuration; a menu that lists whatever is there; the same images reachable on every LAN where the mesh has a node, on a subnet route (D197 M3), or for one machine by IP or MAC; and measurements of how each image type boots (iPXE sanboot over HTTP range requests, memdisk, wimboot, loop-mounted ISO kernels), including which installers break when booted from a remote ISO.
Gate finding for #156: with the required per-job CARGO_TARGET_DIR in scratch and the latency check passing (302.97 ms p50 / 318.88 ms p99), fmt, VT native fmt, clippy, workspace tests, and cargo-deny passed.
scripts/verify fastfails at the existing x86_64 static binary size gate: 20,614,624 bytes vs 16,404,816 maximum; it therefore did not build/check the ARM binary. The only changes in this research lane are the Python benchmark harness and Markdown report, so this lane does not change the measured product binary.Measurement harness completed and pushed:
ee4b58fd71. Under a modeled 149 ms RTT, the 792,723,456-byte Debian installer ISO fetched through the LAN proxy over WireGuard in 125.294 s (50.62 Mbps); local same-host veth took 0.460 s. QEMU/OVMF and SeaBIOS are unavailable here, so these are HTTP transfer measurements, not firmware boot times.Fast gate rerun completed under the scoped CPU weight with build artifacts in scratch. RTT self-test, fmt, VT native fmt, clippy, workspace tests, and cargo-deny passed. Static x86_64 build failed the repository size budget: 20,614,624 bytes versus 16,404,816 allowed (baseline 16,142,672 + 262,144). The gate stops there before ARM/TS checks. This research-only branch changes no product binary.
Report committed and pushed:
c04b0b06. research/pxe-over-mesh/README.md covers the link-local PXE discovery boundary, three mesh/public-URL designs, security facts, Debian package/license sizes, a Rust scope estimate, and owner decisions. The measurement table records local versus WireGuard-proxied kernel, initrd, and 792,723,456-byte ISO fetches plus per-process RSS; it states that QEMU/OVMF/SeaBIOS were unavailable.Finished. Head:
c04b0b06a7; both commits are pushed to research-pxe-mesh.Yes: network boot works when a joined node on the bare machine's LAN handles PXE discovery and serves, caches, or proxies the boot files. The bare machine cannot use mesh addresses before enrollment; direct HTTPS works only to a public or otherwise routable endpoint. At the modeled 149 ms RTT, the 792,723,456-byte Debian installer ISO fetched through the LAN proxy over WireGuard in 125.294 s at 50.62 Mbps; same-host local veth took 0.460 s. QEMU/OVMF/SeaBIOS were unavailable, so these are transfer measurements, not firmware boot times.
scripts/verify fastoutput (verbatim):Starting phase 2 research on branch research-pxe-ventoy at base
c04b0b06a7. Read the full #156 history; its body has no parent issue reference. This work measures real firmware/image boot behavior and documents whole-folder mesh scope. Prior phase-1 transfer evidence is retained as context, not substituted for VM timings.Source finding: iPXE HTTP sanboot requires server byte-range support (https://ipxe.org/sanuri), and therefore can read sectors on demand. It exposes a virtual boot disk; it is not an installer-wide guarantee that the OS can still read the ISO after kernel handoff. Debian live-boot documents
fetch=/httpfs=and Ubuntu documents PXE using kernel+initrd withurl=<ISO>(https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch05s03.en.html ; https://documentation.ubuntu.com/server/how-to/installation/netboot-the-server-installer-via-uefi-pxe-on-arm-aarch64-arm64-and-x86-64-amd64/). Windows' wimboot instructions use boot.wim plus boot files, and recommend serving the installer tree separately (https://ipxe.org/wimboot). The report will separate first-screen success from post-kernel medium availability.Image-booting finding: Proxmox's 2026 PXE preparation path is distro-supported but not a direct unchanged-ISO boot. The accepted Proxmox installer change generates vmlinuz/initrd.img and overlays the ISO as /proxmox.iso; the installer expands it and needs about 6 GiB RAM. This makes Proxmox an explicit full-ISO-transfer exception for the requested “one folder” flow: https://lore.proxmox.com/pve-devel/20260331163353.1955212-1-c.heiss%40proxmox.com/
Image-booting finding: SystemRescue documents a direct PXE path that splits the ISO into kernel/initramfs and a squashfs rootfs fetched over HTTP/NFS/NBD (
archiso_http_srv=). Its manual notes that HTTP/TFTP rootfs transfer is cached in client RAM, with about 1 GiB needed for that stage. This is a stronger “drop ISO, auto-detect profile” candidate than BIOS memdisk: https://www.system-rescue.org/manual/PXE_network_booting/ ; https://www.system-rescue.org/manual/Booting_SystemRescue/Phase 2 measurement setup:
/dev/kvmis present on the named perf VM; 75 ms netem delay was applied in each direction over WireGuard. Fourteen of fourteen tunnel pings replied, 150.571 ms mean RTT (150.408–150.764 ms, 0.107 ms mdev), recorded in/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/wg-ping.txt. Verified local assets: Debian netinst 792,723,456 B, Ubuntu Server live 2,918,598,656 B, SystemRescue 1,381,629,952 B; checksum results are in/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logsandassets.tsv. UEFI iPXE EFI payload is 996,864 B; legacy NBP is 108,847 B. Initial Range probes returned HTTP 206 with exactly 100 B from both cache and proxy.First real-firmware result: SeaBIOS + iPXE, Debian netinst kernel/initrd profile, local cache reached the installer language screen in 13.95 s. HTTP transferred 36,504,284 B (kernel 12,142,528 B + initrd 24,361,578 B + 178 B script); the ISO itself is 792,723,456 B. QEMU peak RSS was 270,491,648 B and the combined serving/origin Nginx tree peaked at 12,234,752 B; measured QEMU CPU was 9.4 s. KVM was enabled; load average at completion was 0.70/0.54/0.30. Per-run evidence:
/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/seabios-debian-cache-profile.*andresults.jsonl.Ubuntu live-server finding (SeaBIOS/iPXE, local cache, QEMU e1000, 4 GiB guest): the documented
url=path began one HTTP GET for the 2,918,598,656 B ISO but transferred 1,327,433,482 B during the 360 s cap and did not reach Subiquity's first screen. The serial console was still in BusyBox wget's ISO download; QEMU peak RSS was 1,870,708,736 B and QEMU CPU 45.56 s. Evidence:/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/seabios-ubuntu-cache-profile.*; host load 1.36/1.06/0.66. I am checking whether the QEMU e1000 emulation is limiting the boot measurement before repeating the large-image runs.QEMU adapter control: SeaBIOS with QEMU
virtio-net-pciand the suppliedpxe-virtio.romdid not enter PXE (zero DHCP/TFTP/HTTP requests; screen ended at “No bootable device”), including a second attempt with legacy mode forced. Evidence:/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/seabios-virtio-debian-cache-profile.*; the firmware matrix therefore uses the working e1000 PXE ROM and records that adapter explicitly.Debian matrix completed with KVM, QEMU e1000, one client, and the 150.57 ms WireGuard proxy: the extracted kernel/initrd profile reached the language screen in 13.95 s (SeaBIOS/cache), 19.44 s (SeaBIOS/proxy), 19.43 s (OVMF/cache), and 24.41 s (OVMF/proxy); each transferred 36,504,284 HTTP B. HTTP SAN boot reached the Debian installer boot menu in 9.64 s local and 34.57 s proxied. It used 75 local ranges / 553,037 B from the 792,723,456 B ISO; proxy used 74 ranges / 552,960 B, plus 77 B local script, with 574,160 B received from origin and 633,668 B received over WireGuard. Per-run logs and QEMU screenshots are under
/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/with namesseabios-e1000-debian-*andovmf-e1000-debian-*. Host load ranged from 0.40 to 2.02 at run completion.SystemRescue local-cache profile finding (SeaBIOS/e1000, 2 GiB guest): HTTP delivered the kernel (16,425,472 B), initramfs (184,160,888 B), and full airootfs.sfs (1,154,875,392 B), plus the boot script: 1,355,462,023 B total. The rootfs transfer itself completed in about 15 s (serial curl rate 71.5 MB/s), but after 600 s the guest had not reached its shell; serial output stopped at
Mounting /run/archiso/copytoram (tmpfs) filesystem, size=75%. QEMU peak RSS was 2,195,599,360 B. Logs/screens are/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/seabios-e1000-systemrescue-cache-profile.*. I will retry with 4 GiB guest RAM to distinguish a memory limit from a bad boot profile.SystemRescue boot profile completed after raising client RAM to 4 GiB: SeaBIOS/e1000 reached the automatic root login in 59.63 s from cache and 156.71 s through the 150 ms WireGuard proxy. Both sent 1,355,462,023 HTTP B (kernel 16,425,472 B + initramfs 184,160,888 B + rootfs 1,154,875,392 B + script); QEMU peak RSS was 3,274,588,160 B local and 3,261,648,896 B proxied. Combined Nginx tree peak RSS was 12,234,752 B; CPU was 0.23 s local / 9.60 s proxied. The proxied run received 1,438,693,924 B over WireGuard and sent 7,877,892 B. Evidence:
/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/seabios-e1000-systemrescue-{cache,proxy}-profile.*; host load at completion 0.61/0.25/0.29 and 1.72/0.80/0.48 respectively.Correction and completion of boot-menu timings: a frame audit showed the first OCR-based SAN figures included OCR completion time. Using the first captured frame containing the menu (2 s sample interval), Debian SAN boot reached its menu at 8.08 s local / 35.23 s proxied, reading 553,037 B in 75 requests / 552,960 B in 74 requests from the 792,723,456 B ISO. Ubuntu SAN boot reached “Try or Install Ubuntu Server” at 8.08 s local / 42.13 s proxied, reading 1,521,745 B in 62 requests / 1,652,736 B in 66 requests from the 2,918,598,656 B ISO. Proxy WireGuard receive deltas were 633,668 B Debian and 1,797,832 B Ubuntu. These first screens are boot menus; they do not demonstrate the installer can still read the ISO after kernel handoff. Captures and raw HTTP logs are in
/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/seabios-e1000-{debian,ubuntu}-*sanboot.*.OVMF SystemRescue also reached automatic root login: 55.57 s local and 156.76 s proxied, same 1,355,462,023 B payload; QEMU peak RSS 3.16 GB local / 3.15 GB proxy; serving Nginx tree peak RSS 12,234,752 B. Evidence:
/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/ovmf-e1000-systemrescue-{cache,proxy}-profile.*.Ubuntu
url=full-ISO profile comparison (SeaBIOS/e1000, 4 GiB guest, 360 s cap): neither cache nor proxy reached Subiquity's first screen. The cache run sent 1,327,433,482 B of the 2,918,598,656 B ISO before timeout (1,444,431,525 B total HTTP including kernel/initrd/script). The proxy run sent 1,311,568,608 B of the ISO before timeout (1,428,566,424 B total HTTP including kernel/initrd/script); origin served 1,432,153,093 B and WireGuard received 1,519,101,912 B. QEMU peak RSS was 1,870,708,736 B cache / 1,873,281,024 B proxy; serving Nginx tree peaked at 12,234,752 B. Per-run evidence remains inresults.jsonl; the latest proxy serial/HTTP logs are/root/infraternal-bench/pxe/logs/runs/seabios-e1000-ubuntu-proxy-profile.*. Host load at completion was 0.47/0.62/0.60.Measurement harness
5d42ede9is committed and pushed onresearch-pxe-ventoy. It records real SeaBIOS/OVMF runs with local cache and a 150 ms WireGuard path, including time-to-screen, HTTP/tunnel bytes, QEMU and serving-process RSS/CPU, and per-run logs. Debian netinst profile reached its language screen in 13.950 s local / 19.435 s proxied for 36,504,284 B; Debian SANboot reached only its menu in 8.081 s after 553,037 B. SystemRescue reached its root console in 59.626 s local / 156.710 s proxied with a 4 GiB guest. The harness uses e1000 after virtio PXE did not receive boot traffic. Report commit follows.Research report
e868e961is committed and pushed. Short answer: a one-folder catalog can boot a tested set of image families with automatic profiles and a local cache, but unchanged arbitrary ISOs cannot be guaranteed to remain available after kernel handoff. Every LAN still needs an enabled local responder or a verified router/DHCP relay; mesh subnet routing alone does not carry PXE broadcasts. The report includes the per-image behavior, SeaBIOS/OVMF measurements, scope/coexistence analysis, cache/integrity options, reference licenses/sizes, and owner decisions.PXE research phase 2 is published on
research-pxe-ventoy; heade868e9615fade9c203e9c33978919b773dae4d8a.Short answer: a one-folder catalog can boot a tested set of image families using automatic profiles and a local cache, but it cannot guarantee arbitrary unchanged media after kernel handoff. Every LAN needs an enabled local responder or a verified relay; a subnet route alone does not carry PXE broadcasts.
Evidence includes the per-image table, SeaBIOS/OVMF cache and 150 ms WireGuard measurements, checksums, component size/license references, and owner decisions. Debian netinst reached its language screen in 13.950 s local / 19.435 s proxied for 36,504,284 B client HTTP; Debian SANboot reached only the menu in 8.081 s after 553,037 B. SystemRescue reached its root console in 59.626 s local / 156.710 s proxied with a 4 GiB guest. Windows was not measured because the Debian VM had no Windows ADK build host.
The full-workspace test replay reproduced
infraternal::agent_daemon::real_binary_preserves_input_and_output_across_24_abrupt_stops: the secondterminal.openreturnedterminal open refused. This is outside the specified host-load baseline exceptions. The static x86_64 binary also exceeded its size budget. These commits change only research files; the product crates are unchanged. The failing core test and static-size budget need follow-up outside this research-only lane.Initial
scripts/verify fastfinal output (verbatim):Additional gate diagnostic: a later
scripts/verify fastreplay stopped at the latency preflight under higher shared-host load: configured 300 ms RTT did not arrive; p50=604.75 ms, p99=954.84 ms. The initial full gate invocation passed that preflight (p50=318.06 ms, p99=332.76 ms) before failing the test and static-build rows recorded above. No product files changed. Head remainse868e9615fade9c203e9c33978919b773dae4d8a; short answer remains that supported profiles can boot from one catalog, but arbitrary unchanged image handoff and remote-LAN PXE discovery are not universal.PXE grill round 1 — owner answers 2026-10-12:
PXE grill round 2 — owner answers 2026-10-12:
Boot Machines, mockup round 1 (D162): branch
mockup-boot-r1(pushed, headd9564c89, fromorigin/mockup-mesh-r1). Mock only: everything runs against the test double behind the existing seam, with the MOCKUP and TEST DOUBLE badges. Nothing is wired to a backend. D253 item 3 is built as the owner changed it: the installing machine's screen streamed into an app window, not a text mirror.URLs to open (on an owner preview of this branch,
<preview>= e.g. 47401)<preview>/?mock=1&proto=clusters&scene=1&mesh=r1&boot=r1<preview>/?mock=1&proto=clusters&scene=1&mesh=r1&boot=r1-on&boot-hold=1(the imitated install waits where reviewers put it),&boot-speed=3(faster),&mesh-default=deny(the Inbox preview changes sentence),&mesh-layout=list.Where things are (all in the product's own places):
window.__tracerClusters.boot.state.jump('installing', 61)withboot-hold=1;.fail('secure-boot' | 'nic').What each screen shows
Captures
apps/tracer/captures/boot-r1/(192 files:<state>-<size>-<theme>.png; sizes desktop 1440x900, phone 393x852, small 375x667 for the text-heavy screens; ink and paper). Absolute:/home/kayg/Developer/infraternal/.worktrees/mockup-boot-r1/apps/tracer/captures/boot-r1/.Measurements
bun run build && bun run transfer-budget.ts, exit 0, never raised). Against the round-1 Mesh tree: critical gzip 294,951 to 294,974 (+23 B, limit 307,200); deferred gzip 49,760 to 49,855 (+95 B, limit 51,200), brotli 43,943 to 44,049 (+106 B, limit 45,056). Only the product seams are in those (the section id, one icon, one toolbar item). No mock code in the production bundle (the mock and its stylesheet are copied only into preview builds).Gates (verbatim)
scripts/verify fastwas not run: this branch changes only TypeScript, CSS and capture files, and the Rust gates take over 40 minutes on the loaded build host (and an earlier run on this host failed on unrelated static-size and test items, see the research comments). The TypeScript half of it (tracer compiler, bun tests, build, budget) is what is quoted above.TASTE.md rows checked, and how
No rings from mouse or keys (clicked every control; spec asserts the ring flag is off after clicks and on only after Tab) · selection is quiet (select rows: faint fill only; switches change only themselves) · no fake glass (flat fills and hairlines; the card uses the shared overlay material) · no settings inside a flow (install choices folded under one line, see question 2) · one input, not modes (one "which machine" field) · match the existing look (the add-host card's classes and the Access window's rows) · mono everywhere · typography (computed values logged by the spec) · platform-sized controls (measured) · icons over text (terminal button is an icon with a tooltip; other actions have no unambiguous icon and are named) · every state change animates (select list, install choices, status line morph, segments, cache meter, log lines, flow-to-install handoff; reduced-motion safe) · work is instant (update cost above) · a flow lives inside a window card and becomes the result (one window from Start to install) · plain wording (no "grant", "policy"; "PXE" once; "infraternal agent" in full) · text never collides (393 and 375 captures; a select-row overlap and a wrapped tick were found there and fixed) · the icon matches the news (waiting for approval is neutral, tick only when the machine is part of the mesh, failures use the alert mark) · pending actions come to the person (toast, then the Inbox until decided; the toast goes when it is) · offer the way forward (LAN off: "Turn it on for lab-lan" in place) · the inbox is one generic card (one item, same row) · errors sit by the action (failures above the actions that fix them) · no control looks dead (Test this LAN is disabled only with the reason right above it).
Found and fixed while reading the captures: select rows overlapping at 393 px, a select field overflowing its card, the way-forward notice below the fold on phones, a green tick for a machine that is only waiting, the tick wrapped onto its own line in the mock installer at 375 px, a stale toast after removal.
Design questions, with my recommendation
kayg referenced this issue2026-10-28 17:53:56 +00:00
Rebuilt on current dev for the owner's review. Branch
mockups-2026-10-31, head586cd2b13(base dev42ab33035, 2026-10-31). Test double only; nothing is real or saved. Not merged, not deployed. Old previews are gone; this replaces them.Preview (NetBird, bound to infraternal-dev-02-std; index of every mockup: http://10.69.69.117:47650/mockups.html):
How: Palette: "Settings: Boot Machines" and "Boot a machine" (Start turns the window into the live install).
boot=r1is how the product ships it (off),boot=r1-onhas lab-lan on.Note: Not in this build: the boot node on the Mesh graph and its card action. Round 1 sat on the Mesh round 1 mockup, which cannot merge onto dev's rebuilt Mesh view without a new design round. Settings, the flow, the live install window and the Inbox item are all here.
Captures are Chromium on the production build of the mockup, taken by
apps/tracer/test/capture-mockups.ts; I have read them for wrong states, not judged them as final.Desktop 1440×900 @2x, ink
Desktop 1440×900 @2x, paper
Phone 393×852 @3x, ink
Phone 393×852 @3x, paper (first state only)
Update to the comment above: the branch head is now
57871651f(the preview at http://10.69.69.117:47650/mockups.html runs it). The captures above were taken one build earlier; the only difference is that the window terminals there hide their cursor until attached, a production change that was since removed from the branch. Gate output, what is left out, and the budget finding: #272.